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| Portrait of Alfred Stieglitz at his Gallery: 291 Photograph (1915) by his close friend, Edward Steichen Gum bichromate over platinum print In 1916, Stieglitz wrote to a friend: To me, as I walk through the Metropolitan Museum of Art it seems ridiculous to me. The whole thing. A sham. Trivial. Absolutely superfluous. But I know that that is a reflection of my own state of mind. That I find nothing in the Metropolitan Museum of Art that I need. That means anything to me. I know that I need bigger, truer, things than are housed together there, in an atmosphere which repels me. An atmosphere breathing of a cemetery dedicated to the dead rich. |
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| Entrance to the exhibition. |
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| Met curator Lisa Messinger organized the exhibition and edited the catalogue which accompanies the show. When I asked Ms. Messinger where she would like me to photograph her, she immediately said: "In front of an O’Keeffe. She's my artist!" That is because Ms. Messinger has written a book about the woman who was a major figure in American art for seven decades. On the wall, Georgia O’Keeffe. American, 1887–1986, Cow’s Skull: Red, White, and Blue, 1931 Oil on canvas. |
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| Alfred Stiegliz at An American Place, ca. 1939 Photographed by Ansel Adams. |
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| A wall of Toulouse-Lautrecs. Many of the works exhibited at “291” between 1908 and 1913 were chosen for the express purpose of unsettling and dismaying the viewer. For example, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s prints of theater personalities and prostitutes, shown at “291” in 1909–10, satirized the dissolute glamour of Parisian nightlife. |
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| Mary Schmidt Campbell, Dean of Tisch School of the Arts, in front of a Toulouse-Lautrec. |
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Title Page from the series Elles, 1896 Lithograph |
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| Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Cléo de Mérode, 1898 Lithograph |
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec The Box with the Gilded Mask, 1893 Lithograph |
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| Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Filling a Tub, from Elles, 1896 Lithograph |
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| Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Looking in a Mirror, from Elles, 1896 Lithograph |
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Combing Hair, from Elles, 1896 Lithograph |
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| Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Waking Up, from Elles, 1896 Lithograph |
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| Crooner, and artist, Tony Bennett whom I often see at the Met. Mr. Bennett recently celebrated his 85th birthday with a sold-out concert at the other Met. | Tony Bennett and his wife, Susan Benedetto. |
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| Arthur B. Davies Reclining Woman, 1913 Pastel on Japanese Paper |
| Gallery Three: Picasso and Matisse |
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| Stieglitz introduced the work of Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso to Americans in 1908 and 1911, respectively, in one-man shows at “291.” Recognized today as giants of modern art, they were at the time completely unknown in the States. Stieglitz heartily endorsed such avant-garde shows, relying on his team of advisors—including Edward Steichen, Marius de Zayas, and Paul Haviland—to recommend the artists and choose the works. The gallery held three shows each for Matisse (1908, 1910, 1912) and Picasso (1911, 1914–15, and 1915). Due to the gallery’s small size and the cost of shipping art overseas, these exhibitions featured mainly drawings and only a few small paintings and sculptures. The New York press and public responded negatively or with confusion, but to Stieglitz these shows were hugely successful. They not only raised the standing of “291” as the place to see contemporary art in America (especially in the years prior to the 1913 Armory Show) but they also encouraged American artists to work abstractly and to use color expressionistically. In 1908, when Stieglitz and Steichen first talked about showing Picasso’s work, they called it “the red rag”—the “!!!” that would attract attention and provoke debate. In comparison, they considered the theater designer Gordon Craig, whose suite of prints was exhibited at “291” in 1910–11, the “understandable one.” |
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| Pablo Picasso Bottle and Wine Glass on a Table 1912 Charcoal, ink, cut and pasted newspaper, and graphite on paper |
Henri Matisse Female Torso 1906; cast ca. 1908 Bronze, 2/10 9 1/8 x 4 x 3 in. Weight 5 lbs |
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| Henri Matisse Reclining Male Nude ca. 1907 Graphite on paper |
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| Henri Matisse Nude ca. 1908 Graphite on paper |
Henri Matisse Seated Nude 1908–9 Graphite on paper |
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| Henri Matisse Walking Nude 1905–6 Graphite on paper |
Henri Matisse Nude with Bracelets 1909 Ink on paper |
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| The Met's Sabine Rewald, who curated the gallery devoted to Matisse and wrote an essay on the French artist for the catalogue. Ms. Rewald curated the Met's exquisite "Rooms With a View: The Open Window in the 19th Century," which explains the poster on her office wall. |
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| Elisabeth Biondi, the recently retired photography editor of The New Yorker, who is now an independent curator. | Christopher Mason. Mr. Mason is currently working on the second season of his hit TV show, Behind Mansion Walls, about murder in fabulous houses (on the Investigation Discovery channel). Known for his witty songs, he is also busy with commissions to write and perform funny musical toasts and roasts. "It's a superb exhibition, brilliantly conceived. Fascinating to learn that Stieglitz introduced the work of Picasso and Matisse to New York. Who knew?" |
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| Sheila Ramsey and her husband Tony Askin. Mr. Askin is the Met's supervising technician for 19th century, modern and contemporary art. On the wall is Mardsen Hartley's Portrait of a German Officer. |
Dr. Beverly Johnson, a rheumatologist at the Hospital for Special Surgery. "I have been a lover of art since I was five years old. |
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| View of Gallery 4. Diamond shaped painting is by Gino Severini, Dancer=Propeller=Sea, 1915. Gino Severini was affiliated with the Futurists, a group of Italian painters and sculptors that sought to capture the power and speed of modern technology in their art. He worked in Paris prior to World War I, where he made this painting, Dancer=Propeller=Sea. It portrays the brilliant color and swirling movements of a dancer, among other things. In his mind, there was a visual equivalent between the movement of the dancer, in this case, an airplane propeller spinning, and the rolling motion of the waves in the sea. Severini uses a diamond-shaped canvas to enhance the sense of movement. However, according to Lisa Messinger whose voice you hear on the audio, "neither Stieglitz nor the Met realized it was a diamond shape. It was not until the artist (Severini) saw it after the Met acquired this work and said: 'Oh you know, you need to turn that around. ' And so ever since then it's been in its correct position." |
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| Gino Severini Dancer=Propeller=Sea 1915 |
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| Francis Picabia The Musketeer 1924 Gouache on paper |
Francis Picabia Bird and Turtle ca. 1925–27 Gouache, watercolor, graphite, and conté crayon on paper |
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| Francis Picabia The Globe ca. 1924–27 Gouache, watercolor, graphite, and ink on paper |
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| Christal Force, a research associate at the Met. "I worked on this show with Lisa, and in particular, on the Brancusi section. I researched the provenance on the works and wrote about Brancusi for the catalogue." | Christal Force and Mary Ann Rotondi. Ms. Rotondi is a producer for Dateline, NBC. "Our little boys are best friends." |
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| Constantin Brancusi Sleeping Muse 1910 Bronze On the wall is a Stieglitz photograph of the Brancusi installation in his gallery. |
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| Reverse: Constantin Brancusi Sleeping Muse 1910 Bronze |
| Gallery Five: Marius de Zayas |
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| The Mexican caricaturist Marius de Zayas (1880–1961), whose witty parodies of entertainers, socialites, and politicians appeared in the press, joined Stieglitz in the attempt to bring modern art to America. De Zayas’s charcoal drawings, which could veer into radical abstraction, fit right in with the aesthetic of “291,” where he had three shows (1909, 1910, 1913). De Zayas’s contacts in France proved invaluable in obtaining loans for “291” and authors for Camera Work. He wrote a number of important articles and organized the gallery’s most exciting shows in 1914–15: African sculpture, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, and Francis Picabia. Although caricature was not one of Stieglitz’s primary interests, he valued its ability to reveal a sitter’s true self, which he compared to the “pure” and unfiltered artistic expressions of non-Western and non-traditional arts that he showed at “291.” In the forty de Zayas caricatures now in the Museum’s Stieglitz Collection, no one appears more often than Stieglitz. Their relationship faltered after 1915, when the artist (with Paul Haviland, Agnes Meyer, and Picabia) began the Modern Gallery and the periodical 291. While Stieglitz at first blessed these ventures as off-shoots of “291” and Camera Work, he ultimately saw them as competition and criticism. Within months, what had been one of the strongest alliances at “291” ended, as did de Zayas’s production of caricatures. |
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| Marius de Zayas recto: Pamela Colman Smith verso: William Merritt Chase, after painting by John Singer Sargent, ca. 1910 Charcoal on paper |
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| A view of Gallery 5 displaying the wonderfully whimsical work of Marius de Zayas. |
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| A young woman named Natasha, who did not want to give her last name. I told her that unless she was on parole I didn't see why she was being coy, but she was not to be persuaded. | Marius de Zayas Alfred Stieglitz, L'accoucheur d'idées (The Midwife to Ideas) ca. 1908–9 Charcoal and graphite on paper |
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| Detail of Alfred Stieglitz, L'accoucheur d'idées (The Midwife to Ideas) ca. 1908–9 Charcoal and graphite on paper |
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| Marius de Zayas Alfred Stieglitz 1910 Ink on paper |
Marius de Zayas Anne Brigman and Max Weber 1910 Ink, watercolor, and metallic paint on paper |
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| Marius de Zayas Gertrude Käsebier 1910 Ink, watercolor, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
Marius de Zayas Alfred Stieglitz 1910 Ink, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
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| Marius de Zayas Clarence White 1910 Ink, watercolor, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
Marius de Zayas Dallet Fuguet 1910 Ink, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
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| Marius de Zayas John Marin 1910 Ink, watercolor, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
Marius de Zayas Edward Steichen 1910 Ink, watercolor, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
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| Marius de Zayas Max Weber ca. 1910 Ink, gouache, watercolor, metallic paint, and graphite on paper |
Marius de Zayas Man in Profile (John Drew?) ca. 1910 Ink and watercolor on paper |
| Gallery Six: John Marin: Early Work |
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| John Marin (1870–1953) was a leading figure in American modernism and Stieglitz’s close friend for more than three decades. Stieglitz’s longtime support of his career included annual exhibitions, beginning with a two-man show (with the American painter Alfred H. Maurer) in 1909 and his first solo exhibition, in 1910. Marin, who had received his artistic training in New York, Philadelphia, and Paris, was initially influenced by Henri Matisse’s bold non-naturalistic color and expressive use of line, Paul Cézanne’s rethinking of solid forms in space, and the Cubists’ fracturing of planes. He soon developed his own characteristic style, with which he conveyed the underlying tensions and harmonies of the natural and the man-made worlds. Marin’s early subjects included views from his travels in France, Italy, Holland, Belgium, and Germany in 1905–9, depicted in watercolors and prints. Although better known as a watercolorist, he had begun his career as an etcher and continued to make prints regularly until 1916–17. After returning to New York, he captured the dramatic growth that had taken place while he was away by emphasizing the angular dynamism of the city’s skyscrapers and bridges. Even in coastal Maine, where he spent most summers, the same dynamic forces informed his landscapes. |
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| John Marin: The Saint Paul's Church series Marin’s rise as an American modernist coincided with New York’s physical transformation into a modern city. Using abstraction and Cubo-Futurist fracturing of forms to convey the city’s energy, Marin adopted several architectural landmarks (including Saint Paul’s Church and the Brooklyn Bridge) as his signature subjects. In 1913 he produced a series of etchings of the newly constructed Woolworth Building, located on Broadway across from City Hall. At sixty stories, the Woolworth Building—known as the “Cathedral of Commerce”—was then the world’s tallest structure. Marin captured its imposing height in his distinctive visual vocabulary: the skyscraper seems to sway and almost dance, surging above the older, lower architecture of Manhattan’s financial district. |
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| John Marin Woolworth Building, No. 2 1913 Etching |
John Marin Woolworth Building (The Dance) 1913 Etching |
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| John Marin In London Town 1908 Watercolor and charcoal on paper |
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| John Marin Movement, The Seine, Paris 1909 Watercolor on paper |
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| John Marin Saint Paul's, Manhattan 1914 Watercolor and charcoal on paper |
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| John Marin Brooklyn Bridge ca. 1912 Watercolor and charcoal on paper |
John Marin Brooklyn Bridge, No. 6 (Swaying) 1913 Etching |
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| John Marin Brooklyn Bridge (Oblong) 1911 Etching with graphite |
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| Larry Giacoletti and Mary Schmidt Campbell. Mr. Giacoletti is a printmaker who works at The Noguchi Museum in Long Island City. "I studied etching and still do them." Dr. Campbell is coming up on her 20th anniversary at the Tisch School of the Arts and there will be a big celebration on April 19th. |
| Gallery 8: Abraham Walkowitz |
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| One of his favorite subjects was the dancer Isadora Duncan, who was a symbol of artistic freedom and a muse for many artists of the day. Walkowitz also produced a number of pastoral landscapes with large groups of people. Most important as far as his status as a modernist are the abstract compositions he created with organic shapes and rhythmic lines that merely evoke nature and human figures. |
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| There is a total of seven Walkowitzes of Isadora Duncan on display. |
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| Gaston Lachaise Standing Nude ca. 1915-17, cast ca. 1925-27 Nickel-plated bronze |
Abraham Walkowitz Symphony in Creation in Eight Movements ca. 1914-16 Wax crayon and pastel on eight sheets of paper, with one cut-and-pasted strip, mounted on paper |
| Gallery 7: Reading Room |
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| Camera Work (published and edited by Alfred Stieglitz, 1903–17) started as the “mouthpiece” for the new Photo-Secessionist group. Edward Steichen designed its cover and page typography, and “291” associates contributed articles and photographs. Later, when Stieglitz’s gallery focus shifted to modern art, the contents of Camera Work shifted, too. By 1917 it had featured such important artists and writers as Picasso, Matisse, Rodin, Kandinsky, and Gertrude Stein. |
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| In a display case: 291, nos. 5-6 (July-August 1915) Cover designed by Francis Picabia |
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| On the wall in the Reading Room: Picnic at Seven Springs, Mt. Kisco, N.Y. ca. 1912-14, Unknown Photographer Left to right: Paul Haviland, Abraham Walkowitz, Katharine N. Rhoades, Emmeline Stieglitz, Agnes Ernst Meyer, Alfred Stieglitz, J. B. Kerfoot, and John Marin. |
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| In the Reading Room. |
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| Stieglitz and O'Keeffe at Lake George ca. 1932 Unknown photographer |
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| Rachel Mustalish with her family: Dr. Anthony Mustalish, her brother David Mustalish and her mother, Dr. Elayne Mustalish, a retired pediatrician. |
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| Catalogue accompanying the exhibition On the cover: Charles Demuth I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold 1928 Oil, graphite, ink, and gold leaf on paperboard (Upson board) |
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| Pages 202-203 of the catalogue showing paintings by Georgia O'Keeffe accompanied by text written by Lisa Messinger. |
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| Photograph of Alfred Stieglitz by Dorothy Norman, ca. 1930. |
| Gallery 9 |
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| Marsden Hartley Banquet in Silence, 1935–36 Oil on canvas board |
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| Marsden Hartley Cemetery, New Mexico 1924 Oil on canvas |
| Gallery 10 |
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| Arthur Dove American, 1880–1946 Goat, 1935 Oil on canvas, with selective varnish From 1933 to 1938 Dove managed an inherited property in Geneva, New York, that included a farm. There, he was frequently in contact with barnyard animals, which he portrayed in works ranging from naturalistic to abstract, sometimes at a distance and sometimes close up. In Goat and its smaller preparatory watercolor study (on view nearby), the animal visually merges with its environment. Depicted in the tones of soil, foliage, water, and sky, the goat is not only part of the landscape but also seems transformed into a landscape. Dove’s creative process always involved preliminary studies, which he called “small ones,” that were transferred to larger paintings with the aid of a pantograph machine or a slide projector. In this instance he planned almost every detail since there are very few differences between the two versions. Even the thinned oil paint washes emulate the translucency of the watercolor. |
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| Gallery 12 |
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| Charles Demuth I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold 1928 Oil, graphite, ink, and gold leaf on paperboard (Upson board) |
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| The poem by William Carlos Williams. |
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| John Marin Motive, Telephone Building, New York 1936 Watercolor, ink, charcoal, and graphite on paper |
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| John Marin Related to Downtown New York, Movement No. 2 (The Black Sun) 1926 Watercolor and charcoal on paper |
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| John Marin Related to Downtown New York, Movement No. 1 1926 Watercolor and charcoal on paper |
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| John Marin Circus Horses 1936 Oil on canvas, with artist-made frame |
| The final gallery, Gallery 13, is devoted to Georgia O’Keeffe. |
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| Gaston Lachaise Georgia O’Keeffe 1925–27 Alabaster |
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| Gary Tinterow continues his "tour" for those fortunate enough to have followed him through all the galleries at his brisk, very brisk pace. |
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| Georgia O'Keeffe From the Faraway, Nearby 1937 Oil on canvas |
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| Georgia O'Keeffe Clam Shell 1930 Oil on canvas |
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| Georgia O'Keeffe Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue 1931 Oil on canvas |
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| Georgia O'Keeffe Black Abstraction 1927 Oil on canvas |
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| Georgia O'Keeffe Grey Tree, Lake George 1925 Oil on canvas |
Georgia O'Keeffe Black Iris 1926 Oil on canvas |
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| Bill Keller, former editor of The New York Times, and Gary Tinterow. |
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| Georgia O'Keeffe East River From the Shelton Hotel Oil on canvas |
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| Alfred Stieglitz, portrait of Georgia O'Keeffe 1931, Gelatin silver print |
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| Curator Lisa Messinger. |
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| When O’Keeffe sent an overture to Francis Henry Taylor on September 2, 1946 less than two months after Stieglitz’s death, she had already done a fair amount of thinking and planning: You have undoubtedly heard of the death of Alfred Stieglitz. He has left things for me to decide that he either would not or could not decide for himself. There is his own work and a large group of paintings by the artists who particularly interested him — Marin — Demuth — Hartley — Dove and myself. Would you be interested in talking with me about this? And could we talk about it this week if you are interested. I want to get to the country next week for a couple of months. The fall is always my best working time. However I may not get away. A will seems to not want to move very fast. I also feel I must at least make the effort to start doing something about this before I go. May I hear from you. |
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| On sale in the gift shop: great clocks made out of old cameras. |
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| Brownie Clock with Flash, $200. | Antique Camera Clock, $325. |
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| Box Camera Clock, $175. |
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| Books about Georgia O'Keeffe. |
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| O'Keeffe memorabilia. |
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| Marin: New York Skyline Neckerchief, $28. | Kandinsky Oblong Scarf, $70. |
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| Alfred Stieglitz: The Key Set Sarah Greenough 2 Volume Set Clothbound; $150 The wonderful boxed set by the legendary photography curator of the National Gallery shows off the glory of Stieglitz the photographer, which this show can only hint at. |
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| T-shirts and posters. |
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| Charles Demuth Small Daffodils, ca 1914 Digital reproduction Printed by the Photograph Studio of The Metropolitan Museum of Art $25 unframed $225 framed |
Charles Demuth Narcissi, 1917 Digital reproduction Printed by the Photograph Studio of The Metropolitan Museum of Art $25 unframed $225 framed |
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| Biography of Stieglitz by Katherine Hoffman. |
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| Exhibition catalogues. |
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| Lisa Messinger leaves her office after a long day. |
| Text and photographs © by Jill Krementz: [1] all rights reserved. |



































































































































